Rebellion against the limitations of 18th century HMOs: The frontispiece to this work protests the limited medicines available from the official apothecary. The Pharmacopoeia Austriaco-provincialis (Vienna, 1774) mandated the medicines and remedies to be made available. In the late 18th century, health care reached broadly across every sector of society, including university trained physicians; non-university surgeons, practitioners and midwives; apothecaries and those involved in medical commerce, trade and horticulture; explorers and naturalists; and government managers and regulators. This book illustrates the tensions between various health care providers in the late 18th century.